> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.supertrade.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.supertrade.com/trading-mechanics/pnl-and-performance.md).

# PnL & Performance

Supertrade tracks performance using transparent formulas so you always know how your metrics are calculated.

### **1. Profit & Loss (PnL)**

* **Realized PnL** = Σ (Closed Trade Profits – Closed Trade Losses)
* **Unrealized PnL** = Σ (Current Open Trade Value – Entry Value)

This separates locked-in results from floating ones.

### 2. Return on Investment (ROI %)

$$
ROI(%) = \frac{Net\ Profit\ or\ Loss}{Initial\ Balance} \times 100
$$

Example: If you start with $10,000 and end with $11,500 → ROI = 15%.

### 3. Win Rate

$$
Win\ Rate(%) = \frac{Number\ of\ Winning\ Trades}{Total\ Trades} \times 100
$$

Shows how consistently you win trades.

#### 4. Average R Multiple (Risk-to-Reward)

$$
Average\ R = \frac{Average\ Profit\ per\ Trade}{Average\ Risk\ per\ Trade}
$$

If you risk $100 and earn $250, your R = 2.5.

Supertrade tracks this to see whether you maximize risk-to-reward, not just win trades.

### 5. Maximum Adverse Excursion (MAE)

$$
MAE = \max(Unrealized\ Loss\ During\ Trade)
$$

Example: If a trade moved -$400 against you before closing at +$200, MAE = -$400.\
Helps you measure drawdown tolerance and trade management.

{% hint style="info" %}
All these formulas feed into **long-term expectancy**, not short-term luck. Consistency in PnL, ROI, and risk-adjusted returns is what qualifies traders for payouts and higher funding.
{% endhint %}